📘 Formula Sheet

This page summarises helpful formulas for solving problems in measurement, geometry, and number at Level 4. Use these to support your problem solving.

📏 Measurement

• Perimeter of a rectangle:
  $\text{Perimeter}=2\times (\text{length}+\text{width})$
• Area of a rectangle:
  $\text{Area}=\text{length}\times \text{width}$
• Area of a triangle:
  $\text{Area}=\frac{1}{2}\times \text{base}\times \text{height}$
• Volume of a rectangular prism (box):
  $\text{Volume}=\text{length}\times \text{width}\times \text{height}$

📐 Geometry

• Angles on a straight line add to ${180}^{\circ }$
• Angles in a triangle add to ${180}^{\circ }$
• Angles in a quadrilateral add to ${360}^{\circ }$

🧮 Number Relationships

• To turn a fraction into a decimal:
  $\text{Decimal}=\text{top}÷\text{bottom}$
  Example: $\frac{1}{2}=0.5$
• To turn a percentage into a fraction:
  $\text{Fraction}=\frac{\text{percent}}{100}$
  Example: $25\mathrm{\%}=\frac{25}{100}=\frac{1}{4}$
• To find a percentage of a number:
  $\text{Percent of amount}=\frac{\text{percent}}{100}\times \text{amount}$
  Example: $20\mathrm{\%}\text{ of }50=\frac{20}{100}\times 50=10$

🧭 Metric Conversions

• $1\text{ kilometre}=1000\text{ metres}$
• $1\text{ metre}=100\text{ centimetres}$
• $1\text{ centimetre}=10\text{ millimetres}$
• $1\text{ kilogram}=1000\text{ grams}$
• $1\text{ litre}=1000\text{ millilitres}$

🕒 Time

• $1\text{ minute}=60\text{ seconds}$
• $1\text{ hour}=60\text{ minutes}$
• $1\text{ day}=24\text{ hours}$